Par Roberto Di Capua, Université de Lausanne

Composition partisane et renouvellement

La nouvelle composition du Conseil communal de Lausanne à l’issue des élections du 7 mars 2021 témoigne d’une relative stabilité politique en termes de rapports de force entre le centre-gauche et le centre-droite. On observe toutefois certains changements au sein de ces blocs. On note par exemple que les Vert·e·s gagnent 7 sièges de plus qu’il y a cinq ans (de 17 à 24 sièges) au détriment des socialistes qui en perdent 4 (de 33 à 29 sièges). Ensemble à Gauche gagnent deux sièges supplémentaires (de 11 à 13 sièges). À droite, le PLR conserve ses 21 sièges mais l’UDC lausannoise en perd 5 (de 12 à 7 sièges). Les Verts’libéraux font leur entrée au Conseil communal de Lausanne avec leur propre liste et 6 élu·es dont 4 sortant·es anciennement membres de la liste Le Centre (PDC) qui disparaît du Conseil suite à ces élections (Figure 1).

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Article de Pierre Benz, Felix Bühlmann et André Mach dans la revue Higher Education.

Abstract

Over the recent decades, the turn to managerial governance has thoroughly transformed the European university systems and, by extension, the careers of university professors. Scholars postulated that professors’ careers have undergone an increasing formalization, that disciplinary careers have been hybridized, and that new modes of selection and recruitment (through assistant professorship) have been introduced. This article, based on a case study of the EPFL Lausanne, one of the leading European technical universities, aims to understand these changes by conducting a sequence analytical study of the actual trajectories of professors. By studying the careers of 351 professors who were nominated between 1969 and 2010 at the EPFL, we first develop a typology of professors’ careers. We distinguish between “direct careers,” “seniority careers,” “conversion careers,” and “parallel careers.” We then examine, based on a series of binomial logistic regression models, how career types vary according to the nomination cohort, the discipline, and the recruitment mode. Our results show that slower “seniority careers” within academia have become more important in recent cohorts, that disciplinary logics still shape professors’ careers, and that new recruitment mechanisms, such as assistant professorship, do not necessarily lead to accelerated careers. This article contributes to the literature by showing that beyond the analysis of the institutional setting of academic careers, it is also important to study their actual progression.

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Article de Roberto Di Capua, Andrea Pilotti, André Mach et Karim Lasseb dans la revue Regional and Federal Studies.

Abstract

This article aims to question how the process of political professionalization in multi-level states could change political careers patterns. We show that the changing opportunity structure produced by the growing political professionalization, the revalorization of executive cantonal and urban positions and the formal and/or de facto interdiction of multiple office holdings profoundly affect political career patterns. Our analysis is based on the Swiss case and calls into question the unidirectional pattern traditionally attributed to Switzerland. At a more general and theoretical level, our contribution also shows how the growing professionalization of political mandates affects political career patterns in federal states as in unitary states with decentralized political institutions. Our analysis is based on two comprehensive and original dataset on political careers of Federal MPs, and on members of the executive offices for the 26 cantons and the four largest cities from four benchmark dates (1957, 1980, 2000, and 2015).

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Article de Frédéric Varone,  Steven Eichenberger, Roy Gava, Charlotte Jourdain et André Mach dans la revue Acta Politica.

Abstract

This study applies a multi-venue approach to assess whether business groups are more likely to realize their policy preferences than citizen groups. Conceptually, it measures the advocacy success of interest groups that are involved in the various institutional venues visited during entire policy-making processes (i.e., executive, legislative, judicial and direct democracy). Empirically, it compares interest group advocacy across three different policy issues (i.e., railway infrastructure, stem cell research and promotion of renewable energy) in both pluralist California and neo-corporatist Switzerland. The findings show that, when controlling for the political system, policy issues and advocacy strategies (i.e., single- or multi-venue), business groups display higher levels of advocacy success than citizen groups.

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