| Data Category | Data sub-category | Examples | Data Sharing and Repositories |
| Imaging Data | Timelapse Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Epifluorescence Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Light Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Spinning-Disk Confocal Imaging | ||
| Imaging Data | Slide Scanner Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Widefield Fluorescence Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Stereomicroscopy Imaging | ||
| Imaging Data | Two-Photon Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Laser Cutting Imaging | ||
| Imaging Data | Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Laser-Capture Microdissection | ||
| Imaging Data | Super Resolution Microscopy | ||
| Imaging Data | Two Photon Microscopy | ||
| Electron Microscopy | 2D Electron Microscopy | ||
| Electron Microscopy | 3D Electron Microscopy | ||
| Electron Microscopy | Cryo-Electron Microscopy | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Computed Tomography (CT) | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Anatomical MRI | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Diffusion MRI | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Perfusion MRI | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Bioluminescence/Fluorescence Imaging Systems | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Micro CT (Micro Computed Tomography) Microscopy | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Dynamic PET/CT Imaging; Static PET/CT Imaging | ||
| Medical Imaging Data | Computed Tomography & Optical Imaging | ||
| Irradiation Data | Other | ||
| Sequencing Data | Direct Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Microsequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | High Throughput Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Shotgun Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | RNA Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | CRISPR Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Protein Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Nucleic Acid Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Nucleotide Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | DNA Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) | ||
| Sequencing Data | Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) | ||
| Sequencing Data | Targeted Resequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Small-Genome Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Amplicon Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Long-Read Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Structural Variant Detection | ||
| Sequencing Data | De Novo Assembly | ||
| Sequencing Data | Short-Read Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Targeted Sequencing | ||
| Sequencing Data | Clinical Diagnostics | ||
| Sequencing Data | Single-Cell RNA-seq | ||
| Sequencing Data | Single-Cell ATAC-seq | ||
| Sequencing Data | Immune Profiling | ||
| Sequencing Data | PCR | ||
| Spectroscopy Data | Mass Spectrometry | ||
| Spectroscopy Data | Fluorescence Spectroscopy | ||
| Spectroscopy Data | Spectrophotometry | ||
| Spectroscopy Data | NMR Spectroscopy | ||
| Spectroscopy Data | Protein Identification and Quantitation | ||
| Spectroscopy Data | Post-Translational Modifications | ||
| Flow Cytometry & Cell Sorting | Multicolor Immunofluorescence | ||
| Flow Cytometry & Cell Sorting | Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting | ||
| Flow Cytometry & Cell Sorting | Flow Cytometry | ||
| In Vivo Electrophysiology | Extracellular Recording | • Single-unit recordings: Isolating action potentials from individual neurons. • Multi-unit recordings: Recording from small populations of neurons simultaneously. • Local Field Potentials (LFP): Recording the summed synaptic activity from neuronal populations. | |
| In Vivo Electrophysiology | Intracellular Recordings | • Techniques such as patch clamp or sharp electrode recordings performed directly in the intact animal. | |
| Multimodal Approaches and Coupled Data (e.g., imaging, electrophysiology, genetic analyses) for a more comprehensive understanding. | Coupled Techniques (Electrophysiology Combined with Imaging) | Electrophysiology Coupled with Calcium Imaging: • Simultaneous acquisition of electrical signals and calcium fluorescence imaging to understand the dynamics of neuronal activation. Electrophysiology with Photoactivation/Optogenetics: • Using light-sensitive proteins (e.g., channelrhodopsin) to stimulate or inhibit neurons while recording electrical activity. • This can also include protocols for mapping connectivity or modulating specific neural circuits. | |
| Ex Vivo (Slice) Electrophysiology | Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recordings | • Voltage Clamp: Controlling the membrane potential to study ionic currents. • Current Clamp: Recording the membrane potential while injecting current to study neuronal excitability. | |
| Ex Vivo (Slice) Electrophysiology | Field Potential Recordings | • Recording the collective electrical activity from a group of neurons within a brain slice. Extracellular Recordings in Slices: • Similar to in vivo extracellular recordings but performed on brain slice preparations. | |
| Intracellular Electrophysiology (In Vitro and In Vivo) | Sharp Electrode Recordings | • Penetrating single cells to record intracellular potentials. tissue | |
| Intracellular Electrophysiology (In Vitro and In Vivo) | Patch Clamp Techniques | • Whole-cell, cell-attached, or perforated patch configurations that can be applied in both isolated cell preparations and intact tissue | |
| Ethological Observations and Spontaneous Behavior Description:Observations conducted in naturalistic or semi-controlled environments to analyze spontaneous behavior and social interactions with minimal interference) | Locomotor Activity and Exploration | • Mice: Tracking movement in open field tests, cage exploration, grooming behavior, and spatial distribution. • Fish (e.g., zebrafish): Analysis of swimming trajectories, schooling behavior, and escape responses. • Ants: Observations of foraging paths, colony distribution, and worker interactions. • Drosophila: Tracking movement in arenas, analyzing locomotor activity and social interactions. | |
| Ethological Observations and Spontaneous Behavior | Social Interactions and Natural Behaviors | • Mice: Assessing social preference using three-chamber tests, hierarchy formation, and socialization patterns. • Ants: Observing cooperative behaviors, chemical communication via pheromones, and task allocation within the colony. • Drosophila: Studying courtship behaviors and reproductive rituals. | |
| Conditioned Behavior and Learning Description: Protocols using reinforcement (positive or negative) to study associative learning and memory formation) | Operant Conditioning | • Mice: Lever-press tasks or discrimination paradigms in mazes to study reward-based learning. • Drosophila: Olfactory conditioning where flies learn to associate a particular odor with a reward or punishment. | |
| Conditioned Behavior and Learning | Associative and Cognitive Learning | • Mice: Spatial memory tasks such as the Morris water maze or T-maze to assess learning and memory. • Fish: Reward-based conditioning tasks to measure visual or spatial learning. | |
| Behavior : Motor Function and Coordination Description: Tests designed to evaluate coordination, balance, strength, and both fine and gross motor skills | Locomotion Tests | • Mice: Open field tests measuring total distance traveled and speed. • Drosophila: Analysis of locomotor activity in arenas or on vibrating platforms. | |
| Behavior : Motor Function and Coordination | Balance and Coordination Assessments | • Mice: Rotarod performance tests to evaluate motor coordination and balance. • Fish: Tracking movement through obstacle courses in aquatic environments to assess agility. | |
| Social and Reproductive Behaviors Description: Studies focusing on interactions between individuals, reproductive behaviors, and group dynamics. | Social Interaction Tests | • Mice: Three-chamber social tests to assess sociability and social preference. • Drosophila: Observations of courtship rituals and mating behavior. • Group Dynamics and Collective Behavior: • Fish: Analysis of shoaling behavior and group interactions during formation. • Ants: Studies of collective foraging behavior, trail formation, and chemical communication. | |
| Behavior : Stress and Anxiety Responses Description: Protocols aimed at inducing and measuring stress responses to evaluate anxiety-like or depressive behaviors. | Anxiety Tests | • Mice: Elevated plus maze, open field test (focusing on central versus peripheral activity). • Fish: Tests measuring latency to emerge from a refuge or exploration under environmental stress. | |
| Behavior : Stress and Anxiety Responses | Acute Stress Response | • Drosophila: Monitoring changes in activity or sleep-wake cycles in response to acute stressors. • Ants: Behavioral analysis following colony disturbances or introduction of stress-inducing stimuli. | |
| Behavior : Cognitive Functions and Memory Description: Protocols evaluating the ability to learn, remember, and recall information, often through navigation or discrimination tasks. | Spatial Memory and Learning | • Mice: Tasks like the Morris water maze or Y-maze to assess working memory and spatial navigation. • Drosophila: Olfactory conditioning paradigms to measure short- and long-term memory. | |
| Cognitive Flexibility and Discrimination | • Fish: Visual or spatial discrimination tasks in controlled environments to test learning flexibility. | ||
| Multimodal Approaches and Coupled Data (e.g., imaging, electrophysiology, genetic analyses) for a more comprehensive understanding. | Coupled Techniques (behavioral data with other types of measurements) | Coupling with Imaging: • Mice: Synchronization of video-recorded behavior with brain imaging data (e.g., calcium imaging or fMRI). • Drosophila and Fish: Combining behavioral tracking with optogenetic or calcium imaging methods. Coupling with Electrophysiology/Genetics: • Mice: Correlating neural activity (recorded via electrophysiology) with observed behaviors. • Ants: Integrating behavioral observations with genomic data to study the molecular basis of social behavior. | |
| Demographic Data Demographic data provides essential background information on study participants, aiding in the analysis of population characteristics. | Age: Participant’s age at the time of enrollment. Gender: Classification based on participant’s self-identified gender. Ethnicity: Self-reported ethnic background of the participant. Socioeconomic Status: Information on income, occupation, and living conditions. Education Level: Highest level of education completed by the participant. | A clinical trial conducted in France includes participants aged 18-70, with data collected on gender (male, female, non-binary), ethnic backgrounds as per the European Statistical System (ESS) guidelines, income brackets aligned with EU socioeconomic classifications, and highest educational attainment following ISCED standards. | |
| Clinical Data Clinical data encompasses medical information relevant to the participant’s health and medical history. | Medical History: Includes previous diagnoses, surgeries, and familial health history. Current Health Status: Details on vital signs, ongoing conditions, and symptom assessments. Laboratory Results: Outcomes of blood tests, urinalysis, and other diagnostic tests. Imaging Data: Results from X-rays, MRIs, CT scans, and ultrasounds. Case Report Forms (CRFs): Structured forms used to collect clinical data, including medical history, lab results, and treatment details. Electronic Case Report Forms (eCRFs): Digital versions of CRFs, commonly used in Electronic Data Capture (EDC) systems. | A participant’s clinical data includes a history of cardiovascular disease, current blood pressure readings recorded as per EMA clinical trial protocols, laboratory results compliant with ISO 15189 standards, and MRI results stored following GDPR data protection requirements. | |
| Interventional Data Interventional data records details of medical treatments and procedures performed during the study. | Treatment Details: Information on medications administered, including dosages and schedules. Procedural Data: Documentation of surgical procedures or other medical interventions | A study participant in Germany receives an investigational drug for diabetes, with precise records of the drug name, 50 mg dosage, administered daily. Data on a minor surgical intervention is documented in compliance with EU Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. | |
| Outcome Data Outcome data assesses the results of interventions, focusing on both efficacy and safety. | Efficacy Outcomes: Measures of treatment effectiveness, such as tumor size reduction or improved mobility. Safety Outcomes: Documentation of adverse events or side effects experienced during the study. | In a clinical trial conducted in Spain, outcome data shows a 40% reduction in cholesterol levels (efficacy outcome) and reports mild gastrointestinal side effects (safety outcomes), documented in line with EMA pharmacovigilance standards. | |
| Patient-Reported Data Patient-reported data captures subjective information directly from participants regarding their health status. | Quality of Life Assessments: Patient feedback on well-being and daily functioning. Symptom Diaries: Self-reported logs of symptoms and their severity over time. Questionnaires: Data collected using standardized tools (e.g., EQ-5D, SF-36) to assess quality of life, mental health, etc. Surveys: Broader patient feedback on satisfaction, behavioral factors, or health-related experiences. | A participant in a multi-center EU study completes a validated EQ-5D questionnaire to assess quality of life, reporting difficulties in mobility and moderate pain levels, with data handled according to GDPR regulations. | |
| Administrative Data Administrative data includes operational and compliance-related information critical to study management. | Enrollment Information: Records of study entry and completion dates, and consent forms. Compliance Records: Data on adherence to study protocols and attendance at follow-up visits. | Administrative data from a clinical trial in Italy shows a participant enrolled on March 1, 2023, with electronic informed consent forms signed as per EU Clinical Trial Regulation requirements and documented attendance at all protocol-mandated visits. | |
| Claims Data Claims data provides insights into healthcare services utilized by participants. | Inpatient Claims: Data from hospital admissions. Outpatient Claims: Information from clinic visits. Pharmacy Claims: Records of prescription medications dispensed. Enrollment Data: Details of insurance coverage. | Claims data from a participant in the Netherlands includes hospital admission records for a cardiac procedure (inpatient claim), cardiologist follow-up appointments (outpatient claim), prescriptions for statins (pharmacy claim), and insurance details in compliance with EU data-sharing agreements. | |
| Electronic Health Records (EHR) Data Electronic Health Records (EHR) data includes digital health information collected from healthcare providers. | Clinical Notes: Documentation written by healthcare professionals summarizing patient encounters. Laboratory Data: Results from blood tests, urinalysis, and other lab diagnostics. Imaging Reports: Data from radiological exams like MRIs, X-rays, and CT scans. Prescription Data: Information on prescribed medications and dispensing records. Vital Signs: Recorded data on key health indicators like heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. | A participant’s EHR data from a healthcare provider in Sweden includes clinical notes summarizing a diagnosis of asthma, lab results for spirometry tests, prescription data for inhalers, and vital signs such as oxygen saturation levels. | |
| Other | Other |