{"id":7334,"date":"2023-06-28T11:45:26","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T09:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/?p=7334"},"modified":"2023-06-28T11:45:27","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T09:45:27","slug":"un-paraplegique-marche-par-la-pensee-les-dessous-dun-exploit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/un-paraplegique-marche-par-la-pensee-les-dessous-dun-exploit\/","title":{"rendered":"Un parapl\u00e9gique marche par la pens\u00e9e\u00a0: les dessous d\u2019un exploit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Pour permettre \u00e0 Gert-Jan, parapl\u00e9gique depuis 12 ans, de remarcher en imaginant son mouvement, une interface cerveau-machine a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e, valant une publication dans la revue <em>Nature.<\/em> Or il faut du temps et une grande \u00e9quipe multidisciplinaire pour d\u00e9velopper un tel dispositif. Retour sur l\u2019histoire d\u2019une prouesse.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab&nbsp;Ce n\u2019est pas une simple am\u00e9lioration technologique. C\u2019est un changement conceptuel radical&nbsp;\u00bb, se r\u00e9jouit Gr\u00e9goire Courtine, professeur en neurosciences \u00e0 l\u2019EPFL, au CHUV et \u00e0 l\u2019UNIL, qui a supervis\u00e9 cette avanc\u00e9e avec Jocelyne Bloch, neurochirurgienne et professeure au CHUV, \u00e0 l\u2019UNIL et \u00e0 l\u2019EPFL. Cette r\u00e9volution, c\u2019est celle qui permet \u00e0 Gert-Jan, atteint d\u2019une l\u00e9sion de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, de marcher par sa pens\u00e9e. Une premi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/EPFL_Digital-bridge-illustration-Frederic-Merlos_3-787x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7367\" width=\"400\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/EPFL_Digital-bridge-illustration-Frederic-Merlos_3-787x1024.jpg 787w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/EPFL_Digital-bridge-illustration-Frederic-Merlos_3-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/EPFL_Digital-bridge-illustration-Frederic-Merlos_3-768x1000.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/EPFL_Digital-bridge-illustration-Frederic-Merlos_3-540x703.jpg 540w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/EPFL_Digital-bridge-illustration-Frederic-Merlos_3.jpg 922w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Illustration du pont digital. \u00a9 Frederic Merlos \/ EPFL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>L\u2019interface cerveau-machine rendant possible cette performance relie digitalement sa t\u00eate \u00e0 ses jambes. Lorsqu\u2019il pense \u00e0 bouger ces derni\u00e8res, les neurones de la zone de son cortex moteur s\u2019activent et g\u00e9n\u00e8rent une activit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique. Un dispositif implantable muni de 64 \u00e9lectrodes ins\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la place d\u2019un bout de son cr\u00e2ne capte ces signaux et les relaie \u00e0 un ordinateur portable par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire d\u2019un casque muni d\u2019antennes. Un programme informatique d\u00e9code ces intentions motrices et envoie en temps r\u00e9el des commandes \u00e0 des \u00e9lectrodes de stimulation implant\u00e9es dans la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re de Gert-Jan. La r\u00e9gion responsable du mouvement de la jambe re\u00e7oit ce signal. Avec un d\u00e9lai de moins d\u2019une seconde, Gert-Jan retrouve le contr\u00f4le de ses muscles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce sc\u00e9nario, qui semble tout droit sorti d\u2019un r\u00e9cit de science-fiction, est pourtant r\u00e9el et vient de faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une publication dans <em>Nature.<\/em> Mais un tel exploit ne se fait pas du jour au lendemain, commente Gert-Jan&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas juste un moment \u00ab&nbsp;waouh&nbsp;\u00bb. \u00c7a a \u00e9t\u00e9 long pour arriver ici. C&rsquo;est toujours un travail difficile, mais je suis tr\u00e8s heureux d&rsquo;avoir r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 \u00eatre l\u00e0 o\u00f9 je suis aujourd\u2019hui.&nbsp;\u00bb Il a fallu des ann\u00e9es de travail de la part d\u2019une cinquantaine de personnes&nbsp;: des ing\u00e9nieurs, des m\u00e9decins, des biologistes, des math\u00e9maticien\u00b7e\u00b7s, des informaticien\u00b7e\u00b7s, sans oublier les physioth\u00e9rapeutes qui ont suivi la r\u00e9habilitation du quadrag\u00e9naire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Anatomie chronologique de cet exploit&nbsp;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- iframe plugin v.6.0 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/0572cc04-3a33-4c81-a691-82d10244c809?src=embed\" title=\"Timeline Infographic\" width=\"707\" height=\"4034\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pour permettre \u00e0 Gert-Jan, parapl\u00e9gique depuis 12 ans, de remarcher en imaginant son mouvement, une interface cerveau-machine a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e. Retour sur l\u2019histoire d\u2019une prouesse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1002382,"featured_media":7491,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,110,112],"tags":[195],"class_list":{"0":"post-7334","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-recherche","8":"category-societe","9":"category-technologie","10":"tag-medecine"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700.png",1920,1120,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700-300x175.png",300,175,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700-768x448.png",580,338,true],"large":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700-1024x597.png",580,338,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700-1536x896.png",1536,896,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700.png",1920,1120,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700.png",1920,1120,false],"chaplin_preview_image_low_resolution":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700-540x315.png",540,315,true],"chaplin_preview_image_high_resolution":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700-1080x630.png",1080,630,true],"chaplin_fullscreen":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700.png",1920,1120,false],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700.png",300,175,false],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700.png",400,233,false],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700.png",600,350,false],"mailpoet_newsletter_max":["https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/files\/2023\/06\/Gert-Jan-walking-with-digital-bridge_CHUV-Gilles-Weber_1200x700-1320x770.png",1320,770,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Marion de Vevey","author_link":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/author\/mdeveve1\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Pour permettre \u00e0 Gert-Jan, parapl\u00e9gique depuis 12 ans, de remarcher en imaginant son mouvement, une interface cerveau-machine a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e. Retour sur l\u2019histoire d\u2019une prouesse.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1002382"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7334"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7334\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/uniscope\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}