Abstract
Purpose
We compared the effects of hypobaric and normobaric hypoxia on select cardio-respiratory responses, oxidative stress and acute mountain sickness (AMS) severity in prematurely born individuals, known to exhibit blunted hypoxic ventilatory response.
Methods
Sixteen prematurely born but otherwise healthy males underwent two 8-h hypoxic exposures under: (1) hypobaric hypoxic [HH; terrestrial altitude 3840 m; PiO2:90.2 (0.5) mmHg; BP: 478 (2) mmHg] and (2) normobaric hypoxic [NH; PiO2:90.6 (0.9) mmHg; FiO2:0.142 (0.001)] condition. Resting values of capillary oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured before and every 2 h during the exposures. Ventilatory responses and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) were assessed at rest and during submaximal cycling before and at 4 and 8 h. Plasmatic levels of selected oxidative stress and antioxidant markers and AMS symptoms were also determined at these time points.
Results
HH resulted in significantly lower resting (P = 0.010) and exercise (P = 0.004) SpO2 as compared to NH with no significant differences in the ventilatory parameters, HR or blood pressure. No significant differences between conditions were found in resting or exercising MCAv and measured oxidative stress markers. Significantly lower values of ferric-reducing antioxidant power (P = 0.037) were observed during HH as opposed to NH. AMS severity was higher at 8 h compared to baseline (P = 0.002) with no significant differences between conditions.
Conclusion
These data suggest that, in prematurely born adults, 8-h exposure to hypobaric, as opposed to normobaric hypoxia, provokes greater reductions in systemic oxygenation and antioxidant capacity. Further studies investigating prolonged hypobaric exposures in this population are warranted.
Registration
NCT02780908 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Abbreviations
- AMS:
-
Acute mountain sickness
- AOPP:
-
Advanced oxidation protein products
- BP:
-
Barometric pressure
- DP:
-
Diastolic blood pressure
- FiO2 :
-
Inspired oxygen fraction
- FEV1 :
-
Forced expiratory volume in 1st second
- FRAP:
-
Ferric-reducing antioxidant power
- FVC:
-
Forced vital capacity
- GPX:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- HH:
-
Hypobaric hypoxia
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- MAP:
-
Mean arterial pressure
- MCAv:
-
Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- NH:
-
Normobaric hypoxia
- NOx:
-
Total nitrite and nitrate
- PiO2 :
-
Partial pressure of inspired oxygen
- Rf:
-
Respiratory frequency
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- SP:
-
Systolic blood pressure
- SpO2 :
-
Capillary oxyhemoglobin saturation
- V E :
-
Minute ventilation
- V t :
-
Tidal volume
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Acknowledgements
Funded by Slovene Research Agency (Grant no. J3-7536). We would primarily like to acknowledge the dedicated participants without whom this study would not have been possible. We are particularly grateful to the late Dr Emmanuel Cauchy, known as “Doctor Vertical”, for enabling us to conduct the hypobaric hypoxic experiments at the Aiguille du Midi Ifremmont laboratory. Also, we are indebted to Mr. Miro Vrhovec for his indispensable technical and logistical support.
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TD and GPM conceived and designed research; TD, MP, SJW, and GPM performed experiments; TD, VP, AM, and GPM analyzed data; TD, VP, AM, DO, and GPM interpreted results of experiments; TD and AM prepared figures; TD drafted the manuscript; TD, VP, MP, SJW, AM, DO, and GPM edited and revised the manuscript; TD, VP, MP, SJW, AM, DO, and GPM approved the final version.
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Communicated by Michalis G Nikolaidis.
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Debevec, T., Pialoux, V., Poussel, M. et al. Cardio-respiratory, oxidative stress and acute mountain sickness responses to normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia in prematurely born adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 120, 1341–1355 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04366-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04366-w