{"id":2661,"date":"2024-12-20T07:13:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T06:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/legal-issues-in-generative-ai-navigating-innovation-and-regulation\/"},"modified":"2025-12-04T16:34:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T15:34:27","slug":"legal-issues-in-generative-ai-navigating-innovation-and-regulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/legal-issues-in-generative-ai-navigating-innovation-and-regulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal issues in generative AI: navigating between innovation and regulation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f807524a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);font-size:clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.708), 1.3rem);\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-ubuntu-font-family has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-86f7a7ce wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#d5e4e7;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-style:italic;font-weight:500\">\n<p>The rise of generative AI raises unprecedented legal questions. In this interview, Professor Philippe Gilli\u00e9ron, a specialist in technology law, provides an overview of the main issues at stake: the still unclear regulatory framework, the impact on legal professions, the redefinition of plagiarism, and tensions surrounding copyright and personal data. He advocates for a critical approach to teaching these tools, based on transparency and the acquisition of sufficient expertise to use them wisely, particularly in academic contexts.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b3d42a2 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-default\">A legal framework under development<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Professor Gilli\u00e9ron, the legal world is embracing these new technologies \u2018with some delay\u2019. While AI is not new, its democratisation through free tools such as ChatGPT has accelerated awareness of the issues at stake. To date, no specific regulations are in force, but legislative efforts are underway, particularly at European level with a proposed regulation on artificial intelligence.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The European Union appears to be a pioneer in this field, while the United States favours a more flexible approach that encourages innovation. China, for its part, has opted for stricter regulation for reasons of control. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"IA Ge\u0301ne\u0301rative et enseignement supe\u0301rieur, entretien avec le professeur Philippe Gillie\u0301ron\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wOHFeAckO7U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n \r\n<\/div><\/figure><br>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impact on the legal profession<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>These technologies hold the potential to significantly reshape legal professions. In the short term, they can serve as tools to assist with drafting and research. In the medium term, clients may demand their use to cut costs. Some major U.S. firms are aiming for savings of up to 40% through these tools \u2014 a shift that could lead to workforce reductions and a reorganization of outsourced legal work.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implications for legal education<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In response to these developments, Professor Gilli\u00e9ron advocates for a pragmatic approach to education. Rather than banning these tools, he recommends teaching students how to use them critically: \u201cYou need a certain level of expertise to ask the right questions \u2014 because it&#8217;s by asking the right questions that you can take a critical stance toward the answers generated.\u201d <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academic Integrity Issues<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The traditional definition of plagiarism \u2014 based on the reproduction of \u201csomeone else\u2019s text\u201d \u2014 does not directly apply to AI-generated content, as such output is not considered a \u201cproduct of the mind.\u201d Instead, the issue should be approached from the perspective of scientific integrity, which calls for transparency regarding the use of these tools and the methods employed. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Intellectual Property Issues<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The question of copyright is particularly acute for image generators, which are trained on vast datasets containing billions of protected images. Lawsuits have been filed in the United States against platforms like Midjourney and DALL\u00b7E. The legality of such practices will depend on how copyright exceptions are construed, a point that differs significantly from one legal system to another.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Personal data protection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The professor highlights the risks associated with personal data protection, as illustrated by the temporary ban on ChatGPT in Italy. He advises against including personal data in prompts and notes that OpenAI is considering allowing users to opt out of having their prompts used for future system training. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, Professor Gilli\u00e9ron emphasizes the importance of thorough education on the responsible use of these tools \u2014 both in terms of legal considerations and the protection of sensitive data. These issues are expected to evolve rapidly in the coming months, requiring ongoing attention from legal professionals and educators alike. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f57fe8c9 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#d5e4e7;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<p><strong>Professor Gilli\u00e9ron, a lawyer specialising in intellectual property and technology rights in Lausanne, provides an overview of the legal issues raised by the emergence of generative AI.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Associate professor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>New technologies, Unfair competition, Copyright<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/applicationspub.unil.ch\/interpub\/noauth\/php\/Un\/UnPers.php?PerNum=931011&amp;LanCode=37\">Profil<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/iris.unil.ch\/entities\/person\/philippegillieron\">Publications<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/files\/2025\/07\/capture-decran-2025-07-09-a-09.55.21-edited.png\" alt=\"Portrait of Philippe Gilli&#xE9;ron\" class=\"wp-image-2175\" style=\"border-radius:128px;object-fit:cover;width:250px;height:250px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plagiarism, data, intellectual property: Professor Gilli\u00e9ron sheds light on the legal grey areas of generative AI and their impact on higher education and academic practices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":108,"featured_media":3276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2661","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ai-for-everyone"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2661"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3084,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661\/revisions\/3084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/iaunil\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}