Evaluating the effectiveness of Urban Low Emission Zones


The Issue

Until electric cars become commonplace, vehicles with internal combustion engines will remain a major contributor to air pollution. The UN predicts that some 70% of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050, up from around 56% today. More urbanization means more traffic in urban areas, more air pollution and a negative impact on air quality, health and the climate. At the same time there’s growing pressure from civil society to reduce air pollutants, often through clean air campaigns.  As a result, policymakers are searching for ways to reduce our exposure to car emissions.

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Gaming the system: improving fairness in matching markets

The Issue – Designing fair markets

While price is the main mechanism for allocating goods and services in a free market economy, there are some situations where the price mechanism seems inappropriate. The sale of a particular good or service – human organs for transplantation, for example – might be considered too ‘repugnant’ by some to be legal. Or considerations such as fairness or politics may influence whether something can be legally bought and sold, such as public school and college places.

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