{"id":103,"date":"2018-03-20T11:10:11","date_gmt":"2018-03-20T10:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/?page_id=103"},"modified":"2018-07-19T16:18:09","modified_gmt":"2018-07-19T14:18:09","slug":"recherche","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/recherche\/","title":{"rendered":"Recherche"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><span style=\"color: #ba2248\">Etude Cannabis<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<figure id=\"attachment_209\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-209\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/Photo-004.jpg\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-209 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/Photo-004-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/Photo-004-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/Photo-004-90x90.jpg 90w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-209\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">graines de chanvre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Notre \u00e9tude avait pour but d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la variation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de chanvre agricoles et les drogues en utilisant un assortiment de marqueurs STR hypervariables: 13 marqueurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour g\u00e9notyper 1324 \u00e9chantillons s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiquement\u00a0repr\u00e9sentant 24 vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de chanvre et 15 de marijuana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/PICT0002.jpg\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-208 size-full alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/PICT0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/PICT0002.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/PICT0002-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/PICT0002-293x220.jpg 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Abstract : Cannabis (hemp and marijuana) is an iconic yet controversial crop. On the one hand, it represents a growing market for pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. On the other hand, plants synthetizing the psychoactive THC produce the most widespread illicit drug in the world. Yet, the difficulty to reliably distinguish between Cannabis varieties based on morphological or biochemical criteria imbeds the development of promising industrial programs and hinders the fight against narcotrafficking. Genetics offers an appropriate solution to characterize drug vs non-drug Cannabis. However, forensic applications require rapid and affordable genotyping of informative molecular markers for which a broad-scale reference database, representing both intra- and inter-variety variation, is available. Here we provide such resource for Cannabis, by genotyping 13 microsatellite loci (STRs) in 1,324 samples from 48 accessions known for fibre (24 hemp varieties) and drug (15 marijuana strains) production. We showed that these loci are sufficient to capture most of the genome-wide diversity patterns recently revealed by NGS data. We recovered the strong genetic structure between marijuana and hemp and demonstrated that anonymous samples can be confidently assigned to either plant types. Fibres appear genetically homogeneous whereas drugs show low (often clonal) within-strain diversity, but very high genetic differentiation between strains, likely resulting from breeding practices. Based on an additional test dataset including samples from 41 local police seizures, we showed that the genetic signature of marijuana cultivars could be used to trace crime scene evidence. To date, our study provides the most comprehensive genetic resource for Cannabis forensics worldwide.<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/Photo-007.jpg\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-210 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/Photo-007-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/Photo-007-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/Photo-007-90x90.jpg 90w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>Broad-scale genetic diversity of Cannabis for forensic applications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Christophe Dufresnes, Catherine Jan, Friederike Bienert, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Goudet and Luca Fumagalli<br \/>\nPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371\/journal.pone.0170522\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0January 20, 2017<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2017\/10\/Dufresnes-Fumagalli-cannabis-2017.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #ba2200\">voir article<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ba2248\">Projet Perroquets<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>En 2011, le laboratoire a re\u00e7u une s\u00e9rie de pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements exceptionnels dans le cadre d\u2019une affaire de trafic d\u2019oiseaux exotiques: 123 plumes nous ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confi\u00e9es provenant d\u2019un \u00e9levage pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 responsable de trafic d\u00e9j\u00e0 de longue date. Les soup\u00e7ons suffisamment \u00e9tay\u00e9s et le prix que peut rapporter la vente illicite de certains perroquets ont motiv\u00e9 le service f\u00e9d\u00e9ral v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire \u00e0 engager une expertise g\u00e9n\u00e9tique afin de poursuivre cet \u00e9leveur suspect. Ces analyses ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 3 situations examin\u00e9es sur six, les oiseaux n\u2019\u00e9taient pas apparent\u00e9s, ce qui a renforc\u00e9 l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se du trafic et permis de condamner le fraudeur.<br \/>\nSuite \u00e0 cela, le laboratoire a mis au point une s\u00e9rie de marqueurs permettant l\u2019expertise lors de suspicion de trafic de perroquets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485.jpg\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-218 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485-90x90.jpg 90w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485-220x220.jpg 220w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/06\/IMG_6485.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Abstract : The parrot family represents one of the bird group with the largest number of endangered species, as a result of habitat destruction and illegal trade. This illicit traffic involves the smuggling of eggs and animals, and the laundering through captive breeding facilities of wild-caught animals. Despite the huge potential of wildlife DNA forensics to determine with conclusive evidence illegal trade, current usage of DNA profiling approaches in parrots has been limited by the lack of suitable molecular markers specifically developed for the focal species and by low crossspecies polymorphism. In this study, we isolated DNA microsatellite markers in seven parrot species threatened with extinction (Amazona brasiliensis, A. oratrix, A. pretrei, A.rhodocorytha, Anodorhynchus leari, Ara rubrogenys and Primolius couloni). From an enriched genomic library followed by 454 pyrosequencing, we characterized a total of 106 polymorphic microsatellite markers (mostly tetranucleotides) in the seven species and tested them across an average number of 19 individuals per species. The mean number of alleles per species and across loci varied from 6.4 to 8.3, with the mean observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. Identity and parentage exclusion probabilities were highly discriminatory. <\/em><br \/>\n<em>The high variability displayed by these microsatellite loci demonstrates their potential utility to perform individual genotyping and parentage analyses, in order to develop a DNA testing framework to determine illegal traffic in these threatened species.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491.jpg\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-153 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491-90x90.jpg 90w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491-220x220.jpg 220w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2018\/05\/IMG_6491.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>Polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers for forensic individual identification and parentage analyses of seven threatened species of parrots (family Psittacidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jan and Fumagalli (2016), PeerJ, DOI 10.7717\/peerj.2416<\/p>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/files\/2017\/10\/Jan-Fumagalli.peerj-2416.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #ba2200\">voir article<\/span><\/a><\/h5>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: xx-small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Etude Cannabis Notre \u00e9tude avait pour but d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la variation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de chanvre agricoles et les drogues en utilisant un assortiment de marqueurs STR hypervariables: 13 marqueurs &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001708,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-103","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1001708"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/fava\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}