The spatiotemporal time course of inhibitory control: task demands and training effects<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Apr\u00e8s un Master en sciences du sport \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg en 2014, orientation sant\u00e9 et recherche, Marie Simonet devient assistante dipl\u00f4m\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Institut des sciences du sport de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne. Ses recherches sont au carrefour de la psychologie cognitive, des sciences du sport et des neurosciences. Marie Simonet a soutenu sa th\u00e8se le 28 juin 2021 sous la direction de Dr J\u00e9r\u00f4me Barral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019inhibition motrice se d\u00e9finit par la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 supprimer des processus moteurs inappropri\u00e9s afin de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des comportements adapt\u00e9s aux situations de la vie quotidienne. Cette capacit\u00e9 repose sur le fonctionnement d\u2019un r\u00e9seau c\u00e9r\u00e9bral dit \u201cg\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u201d qui inclut principalement des structures frontales et les ganglions de la base. La litt\u00e9rature a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que ce r\u00e9seau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral supporterait diff\u00e9rents aspects du contr\u00f4le inhibiteur. Toutefois, les dynamiques c\u00e9r\u00e9brales spatio-temporelles de ce r\u00e9seau sont encore peu connues et le but de ce travail de th\u00e8se est de les investiguer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tude de cette th\u00e8se, nos r\u00e9sultats ont mis en lumi\u00e8re le r\u00f4le du pr\u00e9cuneus dans les processus d\u2019attention visuelle lors d\u2019une t\u00e2che oculomotrice de contr\u00f4le inhibiteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tude, nous avons \u00e9valu\u00e9 les effets de transfert ainsi que les changements neuronaux qu\u2019occasionnaient 10 jours d\u2019entrainement de contr\u00f4le inhibiteur. Nous avons montr\u00e9 que, malgr\u00e9 des changements fonctionnels au niveau des aires frontales du cerveau, les effets de l\u2019entra\u00eenement sont rest\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 la t\u00e2che entra\u00een\u00e9e avec des effets de transfert vers d\u2019autres t\u00e2ches tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La troisi\u00e8me \u00e9tude de cette th\u00e8se a investigu\u00e9 les effets de transfert d\u2019une pratique sportive intense vers des t\u00e2ches d\u2019inhibition motrice de laboratoire incluant diff\u00e9rents types de stimuli, ainsi que les dynamiques c\u00e9r\u00e9brales qui supportent ces effets. Globalement, nous avons d\u00e9montr\u00e9 des effets de transfert tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9s de la pratique sportive vers les t\u00e2ches de laboratoire. En outre, les r\u00e9sultats \u00e9lectro-enc\u00e9phalographiques ont montr\u00e9s que des aires c\u00e9r\u00e9brales impliqu\u00e9es dans la suppression motrice \u00e9taient recrut\u00e9es plus rapidement lorsque la t\u00e2che \u00e0 effectuer \u00e9tait li\u00e9e au contexte de la pratique sportive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ce travail de th\u00e8se approfondit les connaissances th\u00e9oriques en psychologie cognitive et discute de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat d\u2019un entra\u00eenement cognitif sur ordinateur dans le domaine appliqu\u00e9 de la psychologie du sport.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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