{"id":1500,"date":"2015-05-05T10:47:06","date_gmt":"2015-05-05T08:47:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/?p=1500"},"modified":"2015-05-11T10:44:22","modified_gmt":"2015-05-11T08:44:22","slug":"etienne-sallard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/2015\/05\/etienne-sallard\/","title":{"rendered":"Etienne Sallard"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Electrocortical dynamics of motor inhibitory control with aging<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><em>Etienne Sallard a obtenu son Bachelor en sciences et techniques des activit\u00e9s physiques et sportives\u00a0 en 2007 \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Caen. Il a ensuite emprunt\u00e9 la voie de la recherche en r\u00e9alisant un Master biologie sant\u00e9, parcours activit\u00e9s physiques adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Dijon. Le th\u00e8me de recherche portait sur la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de patients op\u00e9r\u00e9s d&rsquo;une tumeur c\u00e9r\u00e9brale \u00e0 croissance lente. Il a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9 en qualit\u00e9 d&rsquo;assistant-doctorant \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne o\u00f9 il a poursuivi ses recherches dans le domaine des neurosciences<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019inhibition motrice joue un r\u00f4le central dans les adaptations comportementales quel que soit l\u2019\u00e2ge. L\u2019inhibition motrice se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 arr\u00eater enti\u00e8rement (globale) ou en partie (s\u00e9lective) une action motrice planifi\u00e9e ou en cours. Bien que les processus neuronaux sous-jacents de l\u2019inhibition globale aient suscit\u00e9 un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat aupr\u00e8s des neurosciences cognitives, les modulations c\u00e9r\u00e9brales dans le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019inhibition motrice s\u00e9lective sont encore peu connues. Le but de cette th\u00e8se est ainsi d\u2019\u00e9tudier les processus c\u00e9r\u00e9braux spatio-temporels du contr\u00f4le de l\u2019inhibition motrice s\u00e9lective chez les adultes jeunes et \u00e2g\u00e9s en utilisant l\u2019\u00e9lectroenc\u00e9phalogramme \u00e0 haute densit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la premi\u00e8re partie de la th\u00e8se, nous comparons les processus c\u00e9r\u00e9braux spatio-temporels pr\u00e9coces (pr\u00e9paration motrice) de l\u2019inhibition s\u00e9lective et globale chez des adultes jeunes (\u00e9tude I) et \u00e2g\u00e9s (\u00e9tude II) en utilisant une t\u00e2che Go\/No-go modifi\u00e9e. Dans l\u2019<strong>\u00e9tude I<\/strong>, nous avons distingu\u00e9 l\u2019inhibition globale et s\u00e9lective au niveau des processus attentionnels pr\u00e9coces du contr\u00f4le de l\u2019inhibition et nous avons apport\u00e9 des preuves neurophysiologiques de l\u2019existence d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de combinaison. Dans l\u2019<strong>\u00e9tude II<\/strong>, nous avons montr\u00e9 une sous-activation neuronale associ\u00e9e \u00e0 un maintien de la performance dans l\u2019inhibition s\u00e9lective chez les adultes \u00e2g\u00e9s, sugg\u00e9rant des adaptations c\u00e9r\u00e9brales et comportementales aux contraintes environnementales.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la seconde partie de la recherche, nous examinons les processus c\u00e9r\u00e9braux spatio-temporels tardifs (post-ex\u00e9cution motrice) de l\u2019inhibition s\u00e9lective pendant une t\u00e2che de Switching (tapping bimanuel vers un tapping unimanuel) chez des adultes jeunes (\u00e9tude III) et \u00e2g\u00e9s (\u00e9tude IV). Dans l\u2019<strong>\u00e9tude III,<\/strong> nous avons distingu\u00e9 des synchronisations beta li\u00e9es (i) au traitement des r\u00e9aff\u00e9rences sensorielles permettant de stabiliser le mouvement perturb\u00e9 apr\u00e8s le switching, et (ii) aux processus d\u2019inhibition active afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher les mouvements de la main arr\u00eat\u00e9e. Dans l\u2019<strong>\u00e9tude IV<\/strong>, cette synchronisation beta \u00e9tait plus forte dans les r\u00e9gions frontales et pari\u00e9tales chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es par rapport aux jeunes adultes sugg\u00e9rant des modulations c\u00e9r\u00e9brales de l\u2019inhibition active avec l\u2019\u00e2ge.<\/p>\n<p>Outre la contribution fondamentale sur la compr\u00e9hension des dynamiques \u00e9lectrocorticales dans le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019inhibition motrice, les r\u00e9sultats de ces \u00e9tudes contribuent \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper les connaissances pour la mise en place de programmes d\u2019entra\u00eenements adapt\u00e9s aux personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electrocortical dynamics of motor inhibitory control with aging<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":163,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19463,19451],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-numero-8","category-theses"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"hitmag-landscape":false,"hitmag-featured":false,"hitmag-grid":false,"hitmag-list":false,"hitmag-thumbnail":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false,"mailpoet_newsletter_max":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"sschlat1","author_link":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/author\/sschlat1\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Electrocortical dynamics of motor inhibitory control with aging","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/163"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1500"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1500\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/esspace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}