{"id":3778,"date":"2023-09-12T14:10:36","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T12:10:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/?p=3778"},"modified":"2025-04-29T15:48:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T13:48:17","slug":"dirigeant_e_s_des_entreprises_extractrices_denergies_fossiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/dirigeant_e_s_des_entreprises_extractrices_denergies_fossiles\/","title":{"rendered":"Groupe 2 &#8211; Dirigeant\u00b7e\u00b7s des entreprises extractrices d&rsquo;\u00e9nergies fossiles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Dirigeant\u00b7e\u00b7s-des-entreprises-extractrices-de\u0301nergies-fossiles-\u2013-BISS.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l&rsquo;article en PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">El\u00e9onore Petit, No\u00e9 Jollien et Francisco Ferreira De Melo<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelles \u00e9tudes pour faire partie de l\u2019\u00e9lite ?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e2f108edb0d&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e2f108edb0d\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1000\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph1Biographie.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph1Biographie.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph1Biographie-300x188.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph1Biographie-768x480.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph1Biographie-1536x960.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph1Biographie-1120x700.jpeg 1120w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph1Biographie-540x338.jpeg 540w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph1Biographie-1080x675.jpeg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes en \u00ab&nbsp;Finance et \u00e9conomie \u00bb sont les plus repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, dans le secteur \u00ab&nbsp;Tech&nbsp;\u00bb, ces \u00e9tudes sont totalement absentes, cela peut sugg\u00e9rer une nouvelle forme d\u2019\u00e9lite repr\u00e9sentant la modernit\u00e9 technologique, exigeant des \u00e9tudes d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie. Le secteur \u00ab&nbsp;Mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res&nbsp;\u00bb, quant \u00e0 lui, ne repr\u00e9sente aucune particularit\u00e9, il est similaire aux autres secteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les \u00e9lites sont-elles sectaire ou est-ce une grande bande d\u2019ami.e.s ?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e2f108ee101&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e2f108ee101\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1469\" height=\"853\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seau-e1705067168514.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seau-e1705067168514.jpeg 1469w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seau-e1705067168514-300x174.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seau-e1705067168514-768x446.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seau-e1705067168514-1120x650.jpeg 1120w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seau-e1705067168514-540x314.jpeg 540w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seau-e1705067168514-1080x627.jpeg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1469px) 100vw, 1469px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e2f108ee797&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e2f108ee797\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1875\" height=\"1051\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seauBis.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seauBis.png 1875w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seauBis-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seauBis-768x430.png 768w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seauBis-1536x861.png 1536w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seauBis-1120x628.png 1120w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seauBis-540x303.png 540w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph2Re\u0301seauBis-1080x605.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1875px) 100vw, 1875px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans le graphique ci-dessus, les entreprises du secteur \u00ab&nbsp;Mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res&nbsp;\u00bb sont au c\u0153ur du r\u00e9seau des plus grandes entreprises. Tout de m\u00eame, une nette diff\u00e9rence se voit selon leur nationalit\u00e9. Malgr\u00e9 qu\u2019elles soient reli\u00e9es au cluster principale les entreprises chinoises sont moins importantes et centrales dans le r\u00e9seau mondial que les entreprises europ\u00e9ennes et am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique vs d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique&nbsp;? Le dilemme du discours des \u00e9lites.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e2f108eed91&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e2f108eed91\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1028\" height=\"720\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph3AnalyseTexte.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph3AnalyseTexte.jpg 1028w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph3AnalyseTexte-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph3AnalyseTexte-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/files\/2024\/01\/Graph3AnalyseTexte-540x378.jpg 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1028px) 100vw, 1028px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce graphique met en \u00e9vidence une relation n\u00e9gative entre le th\u00e8me du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. En effet, plus les lettres aux actionnaires parlent de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique moins l\u2019on retrouve le th\u00e8me de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et vice versa. Cela sugg\u00e8re que les entreprises communiquent des informations concernant leur performances \u00e9conomique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, soit des aspirations \u00e9cologiques pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivant ou leur efforts \u00e9cologiques qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fait, il y a une prioritarisation d\u2019un th\u00e8me sur l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El\u00e9onore Petit, No\u00e9 Jollien et Francisco Ferreira De Melo Quelles \u00e9tudes pour faire partie de l\u2019\u00e9lite ? Les \u00e9tudes en \u00ab&nbsp;Finance et \u00e9conomie \u00bb sont les plus repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, dans le secteur \u00ab&nbsp;Tech&nbsp;\u00bb, ces \u00e9tudes sont totalement absentes, cela peut sugg\u00e9rer une nouvelle forme d\u2019\u00e9lite repr\u00e9sentant la modernit\u00e9 technologique, exigeant des \u00e9tudes d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie. Le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1002255,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-full-width.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[378],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3778","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-apr"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1002255"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3778"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4778,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3778\/revisions\/4778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.unil.ch\/biss2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}